APA Style
USING APA STYLE TO PRODUCE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES AND CITATIONS
The APA style was developed by the American Psychological Association and is most commonly used in Social Sciences.
In 2020 was published its 7th edition. Changes for the new edition are listed below:
- In-Text Citations: paraphrases, direct citations, quotations that contain citations to other works
- Referencing print sources
- Book with one author
- Book with more than one author
- Book with unknown authors
- Book chapter or parts of book
- Journal article
- Academic papers
- Confrence papers
- Referencing electronic resources
- Electronic book
- Electronic book chapter
- Electronic journal article
- Online academic papers
- Webpage
- Social media: Youtube or in streaming, Twiter, Instagram, Facebook
- Blogs
- Wikipedia
- Podcast
- Power Point presentations
- Producing a bibliography list using APA Style
In-Text Citations
Paraphrases
When you communicate or interpret another author’s ideas, you should write his/her surname and the year of publication (both in parentheses)
In-text citation (Collado, 1996).
When quoting the author in the text, you should indicate in parentheses only the year of publication:
As it is contained in the Moliner’s dictionary (2007)…
Direct Quotations
With direct quotations, you must copy the original text and incorporate it in your work between quotation marks and specify the author’s surname, the year of publication and the page from which it was copied.
“La capacidad social es, también, propia de los humanos; no obstante, la compartimos con muchas otras especies animales” (Planes et. al., 2019, p. 11)
Note: if the document has no pages you must provide some information that will help the person who is reading the paper: the paragraph or section or both, for example.
When the text you want to transcribe is 40 words or more, you must include it as a different text block, justified to the right, without using quotation marks:
Los aspectos conceptuales se describen de la siguiente manera:
Entre todo aquello que nos distingue como humanos, consideramos tres capacidades, ciertamente interdependientes: la capacidad crítica, la capacidad ética y la capacidad social. Los humanos somos dignos de ser reconocidos, al menos, por estas tres virtualidades. Y la educación lo debe tener en cuenta a la hora de decidir, al menos, el qué y el cómo de los procesos educativos. Los humanos transitamos desde un estado de dependencia, en el que no somos capaces de autosatisfacer nuestras necesidades básicas, a un estado de autonomía que puede permitirnos ser críticos con nosotros mismos, con los demás y con el mundo, y diferenciar lo que es socialmente aceptable de lo que en ningún momento es sostenible desde la racionalidad. (Planes & Bonals, 2019, p. 9).
Quotations that contain citations to other works
When using material that contains quotations from other works keep in mind:
1. The bibliographic reference must be made from the work containing the quotation.
2. Include the citation in the paper as shown below:
Tal y como exponen Gaete y Bratos (2012), esta cooperación interuniversitaria puede escenificarse como cooperación bilateral o multilateral exclusivamente entre instituciones universitarias o con otros agentes públicos o privados para, o bien conseguir el fortalecimiento de los sistemas universitarios en países de desarrollo con la cooperación al desarrollo, o bien simplemente para la transferencia de conocimientos, gracias a la educación para el desarrollo (Prieto-Gómez et al, 2021, p. 3)
Remember that in the reference list we will put the work that contains the quotation (Prieto-Gómez’s paper) and not the referenced work (Graete and Batos’s paper).
Referencing print sources
Book with one author
Surname(s), Name (Publication date). Title of the book (in italics). Ediction (if is not the first). Publisher. ISBN number (if available)
Collado Sánchez-Capuchino, V. (1996). Dibujo técnico: expresión gráfica de la ingeniería. Tebar Flores.
In-text citation (Collado, 1996)
Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación (1991). Cables para aparatos de elevación: Criterios de examen y de sustitución de los cables. AENOR.
In-text citation (Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación, 1991)
Note: according to the latest edition of the APA Manual, the place of publication is not required.
Book with more than one author
When there are between 2 authors, whenever you quote them, you should mention both:
Robinson, A., & Stern, S. (1998). Corporate creativity: how innovation and improvement actually happen. Berrett Koehler. ISBN 1-57675-049-3.
In-text citation (Robinson & Stern, 2009)
Note: when quoting multiple authors, the APA Manual allows us to adapt to the Spanish language by using “y” before the last surname. But, if our work is going to be published in Basque or English we will use the & sign.
When there are more than 3 authors, only the primary author is listed, followed by the expression [et al.] (and others):
Salas, S., Hille, E., & Etgen, G. (2007). Calculus: one and several variables. 10ª ed. John Wiley & Sons.
First in-text citation (Salas, [et al.], 2007)
Book with unknown authors
Lazarillo de Tormes. 2002. Madrid: Susaeta,
In-text citation (Lazarillo de Tormes, 2002)
Book chapter or parts of a book
Surname(s), Name of the author of the chapter or part (Publication date). Title of the chapter or part. In/En Name of editor Surname(s) (ed./coord.). Title (in italics) (inclusive page numbers). Edition (if not the first one). Publisher. Identifier (ISBN number if available).
Note: if the work is in Spanish we will use En to indicate the book where the chapter is located. However, if our work is going to be published in Basque or English, we would use In.
Cornejo Vega, F.J. (2014). Estampación. In Arenillas Torrejón, J.A. (coord.). Manual de documentación del Patrimonio Mueble (p. 162-179). Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo.
In-text citation (Cornejo Vega, 2014)
Hancock-Baileau, M.M. (1989). Online catalogues: a case for the user. In Hildreth, C.R. (ed.). The online catalogue: developments and directions (p. 26-46). Library Association.
Cita en el texto (Hancock-Baileau, 2002)
Journal article
Surname(s), Name (Publication date) Title of the article. Title of the journal (in italics). Vol. (num.), inclusive page numbers. Standardised identifier (ISSN, DOI etc., if available).
López Jiménez, A (1998). El arte en la calle. Reis: Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas. (84), pp. 173-194. ISSN 0210-5233
In-text citation (López Jiménez, 1998)
Muyo, A. (2012). Quintessentially quixotic. Spain Gourmetour: food, wine and travel magazine. (84), p. 85-91.
In-text citation (Muyo, 2012)
Academic papers
Surname(s), Name (Publication date). Title of the book (in italics) [category of the paper]. University at which the paper was presented, City
Corta, N. (2015). Redefinición de la terraza La Farruca. (Trabajo Fin de Grado). Mondragon Unibertsitatea. Basque Culinary Center, Donostia-San Sebastián.
In-text citation (Corta, 2015)
Conference papers
Surname(s), Name, & Surname(s), Name (Publication year, month day). Conference title (in italics) [confrenece paper]. XX Congress title. Location, Country. URL (if available)
Mirete, B. (9-11 de mayo, 2016). La realidad aumentada y los códigos QR en Educación Infantil: un estudio de caso [Comunicación en congreso]. IV Congreso Internacional de Investigación e Innovación en Educación Infantil y Primaria. Universidad de Murcia.
In-text citation (Mirete, 2016)
Referencing electronic resources
Electronic book
Surname(s), Name (Publication date). Title of the book (in italics). Edition (if not the first one). Publisher. Resource URL
Warminski, J. et. al. (eds.) (2012). Nonlinear Dynamic Phenomena in Mechanics. Springer Netherlands. https://doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2473-0
In-text citation (Warminski et al., 2012)
Maugham, W. S. (2013). Of Human Bondage. Project Gutenberg. http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/351/pg351-images.html
In-text citation (Maugham, 2013)
Moliní, E. (2010). Libro sobre participación genuina. http://molini.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Libro-sobre-Participacion-Genuina.pdf
In-text citation (Moliní, 2012)
Electronic book chapter
Surname(s), Name of the author of the chapter or part (Publication date). Title of the chapter. In/En Name of editor and Surname(s) (ed./coord.). Title (in italics), (inclusive page numbers). Edition (if it is not the first edition). Publisher. ISBN number (if available). Resource URL
Note: if the work is in Spanish we will use En to indicate the book where the chapter is located. However, if our work is going to be published in Basque or English, we would use In.
Rega, G. (2012). Theoretical and experimental nonlinear vibrations of sagged elastic cables. In J. Warminski, S. Lenci, M. P. Cartmell, G. Rega & M. Wiercigroch (eds.). Nonlinear Dynamic Phenomena in Mechanics, (pp. 159-210). Springer Netherlands. https://doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2473-0
In-text citation (Rega, 2012)
Messer, R. (2016). Teaching Variance Analysis for Cost Accounting: How to Achieve above Par Performance. En T.J. Rupert, & B. B. Kern (eds.) Advances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations, (pp. 51-63). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S1085-462220160000018003
In-text citation(Messer, 2016)
Electronic journal article
Surname(s), Name (Publication date). Title of the article. Title of the journal (in italics). Vol. (num.), inclusive page numbers. Resource URL
Redmond, C. (2013). Short Sentences: Deductions from a Few Words in "The Bruce-Partington Plans [en línea]. The Bake Street Journal. Vol. 63 (3), pp. 6-19. http://literature.proquest.com/searchFulltext.do?id=R04906321&divLevel=0&area=abell&forward=critref_ft
In-text citation (Redmond, 2013)
Kramer, M.S. [et al.]. (2001). Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial [en línea]. JAMA. January 24/31, vol. 285, No. 4. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=193490
In-text citation (Kramer et al., 2001)
Online academic papers
Surname(s), Name (Publication date). Title of the work (in italics) [online] (category of the paper). University at which the paper was presented, City. [Date accessed]. Retrieved from: resource URL
Astigarraga, E. (2016). Escenarios para Mondragon Unibertsitatea al 2025 [Doctoral Thesis, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Humanitate eta Hezkuntza Zientzien Fakultatea]. eBiltegia. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11984/1582
In-text citation (Astigarraga, 2015)
Website
Surname(s), Name (Publication year, month day). Title of the resource (in italics). Site name. Resource URL
Note: Do not use the copyright date of the website, but the date of the last update. If this is not clear, use the abbreviation n. d. (no date).
Eusko Jaurlaritza (s. f.). Transparencia sobre el nuevo coronavirus. Euskadi.eus. https://www.euskadi.eus/nuevo-coronavirus-covid-19/
In cases where there is no date, you can add the date of consultation:
Eusko Jaurlaritza (s. f.). Transparencia sobre el nuevo coronavirus. Euskadi.eus. Recuperado el 10 de mayo, 2021, de https://www.euskadi.eus/nuevo-coronavirus-covid-19/
In-text citation (Eusko Jaurkaritza, s. f.)
Youtube or in streaming video
Surname(s), Name of the author of the video [user name, if this exists]. (Publication year, month day). Title of the video [Video File]. Youtube or Platform name. Resource URL.
Basque Culinary Center [Basque Culinary Center]. (2013, nov. 3). Presentación Basque Culinary Center, la primera facultad de ciencias gastronómicas [Video file]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koSDekZ9M6Q
In-text citation (Basque Culinary Center, 2013)
Tweet
Surname(s), Name of the author of the tweet [user name, if this exists]. (Publication year, month day). Complete tweet. Twitter. Resource URL
Museo Del Prado [museodelprado] (2014, oct. 30). Abre al público "Dibujos españoles en la@KunsthalleHH: Cano, Murillo y Goya” #expoDibujos goo.gl/qgV89R... Twitter. https://twitter.com/museodelprado/status/527754373376798720
In-text citation (Museo del Prado, 2014)
Instagram (photo or video)
Surname(s), Name [@username]. (publication year, month day). Text [Photo or Video]. Intagram. Resource URL
Mondragon Unibertsitatea [@munibertsitatea]. (2021, may 21). Kotxe elektrikoekin lan egin nahi duzu? Etorkizuneko teknologiak diseinatzeko punta-puntako azpiegtura daukagu unibertsitatean! Ezagutu nahi? Bisita birtuala ere egin dezakezu instalakuntzak ezagutzeko. Informazioa guztia gure webgunean! [Photo]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/COrn3-uFtWJ/?igshid=1e4zri4l4y2g6
In-text citation (Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 2021)
Surname(s), Name of the author. (Publication year, month day). Post [Material type: Update, Photo, Video]. Fcaebook. Resource URL
Basque Culinary Center. (2016, sep. 8). Gobierno Vasco y Basque Culinary Center entregan a Maria Fernanda Di Giacobbe el Basque Culinary World Prize [Update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/bculinary/?hc_ref=PAGES_TIMELINE&fref=nf
In-text citation (Basque Culinary Center, 2016)
Blog posts
Surname(s), Name of the author of the post. (Publication year, month day). Title of the blog post [Blog post]. Title of the blog. Resource URL
Perez, M. (2014, oct. 15). Andrés Vesalio: Anatomista renaciente y médico de los Austrias mayores [Blog post]. El Blog de la BNE. http://blog.bne.es/blog/andres-vesalio-anatomista-renaciente-y-medico-de-los-austrias-mayores/
In-text citation (Perez, 2014)
Wikipedia
Title (Publication year, month day). In/En Wikipedia. Resource URL
Mondragon Unibertsitatea (2021, march 25). In Wikipedia: entziklopedia askea. https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondragon_Unibertsitatea
In-text citation (“Mondragon Unibertsitatea”, 2021)
Podcast
Surname, Name (Host). (Broadcast dates). Podcast title [Audio podcast]. Resource URL
Pantaloni, M. (Host). (2016-Present). Desarrollo profesional [Audio podcast]. https://pantaloni.es/podcast/
In-text citation (Pantaloni, 2016-Present)
Podcast episode
Surname, Name of the responsible of the episode (Host). (Publication year, month day). Episode title (Episode number) [Audio podcast episode]. Podcast’s title. Resource URL
Carrión, J. (Presentador). (2020, july 29). Big data (Nº6) [Audio podcast episode]. Solaris: ensayos sonoros. https://www.podiumpodcast.com/solaris/temporada-1/capitulo-6-big-data/
In-text citation (Carrión, 2020)
Power Point presentation
Surname, Name. (Publication date). Presentation title [Power Point presentation]. Name of the platform or repository. Resource URL
Mondragon Team Academy (2015). Ecosistemas de Innovación y Emprendimiento [PowerPoint presentation]. Slideshare. https://es.slideshare.net/Mondragonteamacademy/mta-ecosistemas-de-innovacin-y-emprendimiento-innovaction-week
In-text citation (Mondragon Team Academy, 2015)
PRODUCING A BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST USING APA STYLE
Bibliographical references are presented in alphabetical order according to the surname of the primary author or the first word in the name of the organisation, if the author is an institution.
When:
- An author or organisation has several different works to be referenced, these are listed in the order in which they were published, starting with the oldest:
Iriarte, Ana (1996)
Iriarte, Ana (1998)
Iriarte, Ana (2000)
- An author or organisation has several different works to be referenced and these have been published in the same year, these are listed in alphabetical order according to the first word of the title. The corresponding alphabetically ordered letter is added to the year of publication:
Iriarte, Ana (2007a). La institución de la Xenia: pactos y acogidas en la antigua Grecia. Gerión. 25 (1), pp. 197-206
Iriarte, Ana (2007b). Pierre Vidal-Naquet y la Grecia marginal de los esclavos. Studia histórica. Historia Antigua. (25), pp. 35-44
If you require advice or assistance, please contact your library.